Poetry analysis on “How Do I Love Thee” and “Sonnet XVIII” Essay

Both, Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s â€Å"How Do I Love Thee† and William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet XVIII,† investigate the general subject of everlasting, rising above adoration. Correspondingly, the two pieces are admissions of affection towards a male subject. Browning’s is an energetic love; one that the Greeks alluded to as eros. â€Å"Eros is Love, who overwhelms the brain, and restrains the soul in the bosoms of the two divine beings and men .† Shakespeare’s, in any case, is the affection for agape. It is the affection one feels for his family, and companions . In managing the subject of affection, the two sonnets reference the excellence of their feelings, and the everlasting idea of such magnificence. Barrett’s â€Å"How Do I Love Thee† follows the structure of a Petrarchan piece, and is in this manner written in predictable rhyming. It comprises of 14 lines, and is separated into an octave and a sestet. The octave has a rhyme plan of ABBA. It presents the essential issue confronting the creator, for this situation being the subject of her affirmation of adoration. The sestet has a rhyme plan of CDCDCD. It settle the issue introduced by explaining the manners by which the creator cherishes her adored, and guaranteeing that her adoration would be reinforced in the hereafter. Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet XVIII† follows the structure of an old style Shakespearean work, and in that capacity, is written in poetic pattern. It comprises of 14 lines, isolated into three quatrains and a rhyming couplet. The rhyme plan of the main quatrain is ABAB, and presents the essential idea of the work, it being the correlation of the speaker’s darling to a summer’s day. The subsequent quatrain has a rhyme plan of CDCD, andâ strengthens the examination of the cherished to a summer’s day. The third quatrain’s rhyme conspire is EFEF, moving the concentration from the mild summer, to the basically everlasting nature of the memory of the adored. The couplet has a rhyme plan of GG, and closes the poem by integrating the topics of affection and verse. Barrett’s poem is imbedded with flawlessly consolidated artistic gadgets. She starts with the non-serious inquiry, â€Å"How do I love thee?† She at that point continues to respond to this inquiries by saying, â€Å"Let me tally the ways.† This can be deciphered as an obvious metaphor, as her emotions are unadulterated to the point that she would never genuinely include the quantity of manners by which she adores this man. Barrett utilizes allegorical language in saying, â€Å"I love thee to the profundity and expansiveness and stature/My spirit can reach.† This places an image of unending space, or for this situation unbounded love, in the perusers mind. She additionally utilizes similarity through the lines, â€Å"I love thee openly, as men take a stab at Right;† This looks at the enthusiasm and love she is giving of her choice, to the energy which men set forward when battling for equity. This builds up that her adoration isn't bound, yet additionally that it is solid, and legit. A relationship can likewise be found in the accompanying line, as she states, â€Å"I love thee simply, as they abandon Praise,† demanding her adoration is as humble and unadulterated as the hearts of those men who are taking a stab at equity. The last line of the piece states, â€Å"I will yet adore thee better after death.† Death is to some degree amusing in this specific situation, since it is both what closes the sonnet, and what closes life. Shakespeare’s presents his work with the line â€Å"Shall I contrast thee with a mid year day?† one might say, this foretells the cherished will, truth be told, be contrasted with a summer’s day. Maybe, considerably more than that, it hints the utilization of illustrations all through work, as the examination will be made. Shakespeare starts the examination by drawing matches between his cherished and the summer’s day, through the line â€Å"Thou workmanship all the more exquisite and more temperate.† He cautiously picks his descriptive words with the goal that they may apply to both summer, and his darling. He proceeds by expressing that â€Å"rough winds do shake the sweetheart buds of May.† In this, he is utilizing unpleasant breezes as an image of unpredictable possibility and change, and suggesting that his dearest is superiorâ because he doesn't experience the ill effects of these breezes. The creator exemplifies the sky, or â€Å"heaven,† by utilizing the representation of a â€Å"eye† instead of the sun. He further exemplifies the season by referencing that the summer’s â€Å"gold complexion† is regularly â€Å"dimmed,† which looks at one more human characteristic of his adored, with an attribute of summer. The creator at that point guarantees his darling that his â€Å"eternal summer will not fade.† Through this, he utilizes summer as a representation for excellence. The speaker gloats that his cherished will never endure a similar destiny as a summer’s day, since he has committed him to â€Å"eternal lines.† This adds the subject of verse to a poem that had, as of not long ago, been about affection.

Compare and contrast the marketing strategies of two major brands, Essay

Look into the showcasing procedures of two significant brands, Apple and Samsung - Essay Example ke Apple to constantly concoct items, for example, iPhone, iPad, Macbook and so on, that are well known among buyer sections (Ferral and Hartline 2012, 1). The vulnerability of the outer condition gives more prominent inspiration to an organization, especially ones working in the cutting edge electronic industry, to constantly advance and grow top notch items. Advancement of promoting system empowers assessment of a company’s qualities and thus permits an association to profit by its qualities in this manner giving an upper hand. Apple and Samsung, both for all intents and purposes working a similar industry, utilize their showcasing methodology to endure the opposition in the companies’ full scale condition. Accessibility of assets is a significant part of advertising technique for associations working in the hardware business (Viardot 2004, 196). The quick paced condition in the computerized world requires the nearness of adequate measures of assets so as to keep the innovation refreshed. For Apple, consistent advancement in innovation and the need to create mainstream shopper items requires a lot of both, human asset just as capital for innovative work (R&D). Such accessibility is imperative to a brand’s picture, especially ones that bargain in cutting edge merchandise and enterprises. Same is the situation with Samsung where compelling promoting methodology has permitted it to move its notoriety to a superior gadgets brand that has developed its piece of the overall industry massively. All parts of advertising technique including evaluating, circulation, and so forth, assume a focal job in the conveyance of purchaser fulfillment with the item (Chang 2011). Promoting techniq ue inside and out acts to furnish shoppers with a prevalent client experience. Today’s gadgets industry is progressively unique and the improvement of powerful procedures and showcasing plans are significant for the accomplishment of associations that work in the growingly serious condition. Talking about Apple

Blog Archive MBA News MIT (Sloan) Releases its 2008-2009 Essay Questions

Blog Archive MBA News MIT (Sloan) Releases its 2008-2009 Essay Questions MIT  (Sloan) has released its new essay questions and its quirky cover letter is still in place. We will follow-up shortly with our analysis Cover Letter Prepare a cover letter (up to 500 words) seeking a place in the MIT Sloan MBA Program. Describe your accomplishments and include an example of how you had an impact on a group or organization. Your letter should conform to standard business correspondence and be addressed to Mr. Rod Garcia, Director of MBA Admissions. Essays We are interested in learning more about you and how you work, think, and act. For each essay, please provide a brief overview of the situation followed by a detailed description of your response. Please limit the experiences you discuss to those which have occurred in the past three years. In each of the essays please describe in detail what you thought, felt, said, and did. All applicants: Essay 1: Please tell us about a challenging interaction you had with a person or group. (500 words or less, limited to one page) Essay 2: Please tell us about a time when you defended your idea. (500 words or less, limited to one page) Essay 3: Please tell us about a time when you executed a plan. (500 words or less, limited to one page) Essay 4: Please tell the Admissions Committee whatever else you would like us to know. (250 words or less, limited to one page) LFM applicants only: Essay 5: Why do you wish to pursue the LFM Program? How does this fit into your future plans? (250 words or less, limited to one page) You are welcome to copy and paste text directly from your cover letter. Essay 6: Why do you wish to pursue the engineering field and specialty area you have selected? (250 words or less, limited to one page) You are welcome to copy and paste text directly from your cover letter. Share ThisTweet Blogroll News

Essay on The Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Genetic engineering is a process in which scientists transfer genes from one species to another totally unrelated species. Usually this is done in order to get one organism to produce proteins, which it would not naturally produce. The genes taken from one species, which code for a particular protein, are put into cells of another species, using a vector. This can result in the cells producing the desired protein. It is used for producing proteins which can be used by humans, such as insulin for diabetics and is also used to make organisms better at surviving, for example genetically modifying a plant so that it can survive in acidic soil. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There is debate about whether genetic†¦show more content†¦Genetically engineered bacteria have also been known to kill. 37 people died, 1500 were partially paralysed and 5000 temporarily disabled from a syndrome that was finally linked to a substance made by genetically engineered bacteria. Genetic engineers use antibiotic-resistance genes to mark genetically engineered cells. This means that genetically engineered crops sometimes contain genes, which confer resistance to antibiotics. Bacteria that may infect us could pick up these genes and would be much harder to treat with their immunity to some antibiotics. Genetic engineering can produce unknown and unforeseen allergens in foods that obviously affect some people negatively, can cause unexpected mutations in an organism, which can create new and higher levels of toxins and transgenic foods may mislead consumers with false freshness. A luscious-looking, bright red genetically engineered tomato co uld be of little nutritional worth and already several weeks old. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Farmers also have started to use more and more herbicides, now knowing that many of their genetically-altered crops now have resistances to some herbicides. The extra use of herbicides causes it’s own problems, in the environment, on peopleShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1676 Words   |  7 Pagesenergy gets passed on throughout each trophic level to how the positive/negative ions in water molecules can effect how they bind to each other/are attracted to one another. While going over the long unit known as genetics, one topic in particular left a mark in my mind: Genetic Engineering/modification. It opened a door to me that allowed me question our everyday life, questions flooded my mind. For example, I pondered things like, How could we use gene modification to create natural pesticidesRead MoreGenetic Engineering Pros And Cons1648 Words   |  7 PagesGENETIC ENGINEERING: PROS: Pros of genetic engineering are the facts that scientists and doctors in our generation could first and foremost discover new diseases and parasites and types of unheard cancers and illnesses before they spread further than they need too. The doctors can therefore invent a cure for this illness before it spreads really far and before anyone else gets sick. With the genetic engineering they can then stop the spreading and cure the diseases before it gets out of hand. ThisRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1662 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic engineering is the process whereby new DNA is added or existing DNA is altered in an organism s genome. This may involve changing one base pair (A-T or C-G) or deleting entire sections of DNA or adding additional copies of a gene. This results in creating new traits that were not previously present in the organism’s genome. This is done to selectively breed desired traits or to create plants with increased resistance to pestic ides and increased tolerance to herbicides. For example insulinRead MoreEssay on The Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering831 Words   |  4 Pages Genetic engineering is the growing science of the world and is increasingly under the spotlight over ethical issues. Is biotechnology going to save lives, rather than destroy them? and will the benefits outweigh the risks? The main problem with such questions is that we dont know the answer until we try them out. Like all sciences it is hard to predict outcomes, so far there have been more failures being told than success stories. Genetic engineering is the splitting of DNA out of an organism’sRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesScientists state that the world is constantly moving towards disorder, while the purpose in life is to bring order to the universe. Now genetic engineering is a very old science that has been in play for many years. Scientists have been creating genetically modified organisms and products for years. But we now have the knowledge and technology to do this on a drastic scale the world has never seen. Knowing that genetically modifying something turns it into something god did not create. Do we haveRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1101 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering brings about great and marvelous things, yet it raised many ethical issues. Some encourage research, while others oppose against such a bizarre idea. Their arguments revolve around impacts on the environment, humans, and social values. This paper seeks to give an account of these issues and present a possible moral compromise. Ecological problems may be caused when genetically engineered species are introduced. It may offset the natural balance of a system and may even lead toRead MorePros And Cons Of Genetic Engineering1915 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Genetic engineering refers to any changes in genetic makeup that result from the direct manipulation of DNA using various technical methods† ( source 1). More simply put, genetic engineering involves cutting, pasting, and/or editing DNA, specifically targeted ones, to produce a valuable effect produce a useful or desirable characteristic in an organism. The results can greatly modify a certain species or even create a new one. The Biotechnology to do such things were only available in the 1970sRead MorePros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many benefits of genetic engineering, but there are many risks too. Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population. Basically, scientists take DNA of one product and put it into another product to get a mixture of traits from both products. It’s like breeding different breeds of dogs to get a certain look or personality. Some people don’t mind what goes into genetically altered foods, while othersRead MorePros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Essay2059 Words   |  9 Pages Genetic Engineering is highly controversial since some people believe that genetic engineering is playing God. As this fact there is opposition to the progression of the field by people who do not see the value in genetic engineering, or they fear what genetic engineering may lead to for us as people. There is a history of discover that belongs to genetic engineering, which has led to numerous products that have emerged which have brought numerous applications to the society of the world. ThoughRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Genetic Engineering Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering has been a major topic of discussion ever since Dolly the sleep was cloned. Its raises ethical, moral and religious questions due to the fact it is tampering with the makeup of organisms, and certain religions believe it is not our right to do this. Genetic engineering involves the re-arranging of DNA sequences, artificial horizontal gene transfer and cloning. There has been little progress

Berkeleys and Humes Philosophy About God Essay - 1565 Words

Berkeleys and Humes Philosophy about God When people think about empiricists, they usually discuss views of great philosophers such as George Berkeley and David Hume. Empiricists believe that all knowledge comes from the senses. Rationalists, on the other hand, believe that we can gain knowledge through the inspection of innate ideas. Although Berkeley and Hume are both empiricists, they still have different opinions about the existence of God. Berkeleys philosophy uses God as the central figure in his metaphysical system. However, Hume uses scientific observation to postulate his theories and he does not rely on God to support his arguments. I will argue that Humes Philosophy is stronger then Berkeleys George Berkeley was an†¦show more content†¦He says that some of our ideas are not real, such as ideas that come from our imagination or memory. The way we can distinguish real ideas from false ideas, is that real things are more clear and vivid. Berkeley says that real ideas come to us unmeditated and because they are involuntary, we can not control them as we please. From this idea, Berkeley suggests that there must be some higher being that controls the sensation and ideas we have. He concludes by saying that this higher being must be God. This view places God as the ultimate perceiver because an object does not exist if I perceive it; it only exists if God perceives it. Everything exists because it is being perceived and continues to be perceived in Gods mind. However, God allows us to view and experience his ideas through sensations. Although all ideas come from God, Berkeley still argues that none of these things has a mind-independent existence out in the world (Goldstein). The problem with Berkeleys metaphysical system is that he relies and retreats to God only when he needs him and does not actually prove the existence of God. He merely states that since our sensations are not caused by us, they must be caused by God. This view is weak and not very persuasive because Berkeley concludes that there can be no other reasonable explanation for ideas, therefore it must have been God that put them in our minds.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of George Berkeley s Philosophy1516 Words   |  7 Pagesachievements. Many critiques of Berkeley are results of misunderstanding Berkeley’s philosophy. One very famous critique is from Samuel Johnson who lived around the same time as Berkeley. Johnson kicked a stone and said, â€Å"I refute it thus†. Why did Johnson believe he could refute Berkeley by kicking a stone? Did he misunderstand Berkeley, and if not what did he mean by this? To discover what Johnson meant we must first learn about what he was refuting. Berkeley has three main beliefs: 1. Idealism:Read MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 PagesBranches of philosophy The following branches are the main areas of study: †¢ Metaphysics investigates the nature of being and the world. Traditional branches are cosmology and ontology. †¢ Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, and whether knowledge is possible. Among its central concerns has been the challenge posed by skepticism and the relationships between truth, belief, and justification. †¢ Ethics, or moral philosophy, is concerned with questions of how

Essay - Their Eyes Were Watching God - 1510 Words

Essay – Their Eyes Were Watching God Author Zora Neale Hurston weaves many powerful symbols into her acclaimed novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God. Hurston’s use of symbols enhances the reader’s understanding of the trials and tribulations along the road of self discovery for the story’s main character, Janie. Of the many symbols used throughout the novel, one in particular - Janie’s hair - is subtle yet striking as it gives us insight into Janie’s perceived social status, oppression, self identity, and her eventual independence through her self identity as a woman despite the social norms of the time period. From the very beginning of the book, Janie’s long, straight, flowing black hair causes a stir among the â€Å"porch talkers† of the†¦show more content†¦Janie) in a sexual manner. It also shows how jealous Joe was of Janie and her youthfulness, as Jody was 10 years her senior. The head rag â€Å"irked her endlessly† (55), however she submits to Jody’s control. With Joe Janie must hide her real self, being what her husband wishes her to be, presenting a faà §ade to the outside world of whom they think she should be, not who she really wants to be. Janie’s outward appearance and her inward thoughts contrast following Joe’s death. She finally frees herself from his control only after he dies as she, â€Å"†¦tore off the kerchief†¦and let down her plentiful hair† (87). In freeing her hair, Janie begins to free herself from others’ control and social norms. However, she chooses to keep it tied up until after Jody’s funeral in order to keep appearances that she is grieving his passing in front of the townspeople. However, on the inside, Janie doesn’t really feel any sorrow and â€Å"sent her face to Joe’s funeral, and herself went rollicking with the springtime across the world† (88). It is only after Joe’s elaborate funeral that Janie shows her first act of freedom by burning â€Å"every one of her head rags and went about the house next morning with her hair in one thick braid swinging well below her waist† (89). She chose to let her hair be free from his domination, thus freeing herself from him overall and allowing herself to move onto the next journey in her life. Janie’s eventual third husband, TeaShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesTHEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD ESSAY  ¬Ã‚ ¬ Janie Crawford is surrounded by outward influences that contradict her independence and personal development. These outward influences from society, her grandma, and even significant others contribute to her curiosity. Tension builds between outward conformity and inward questioning, allowing Zora Neal Hurston to illustrate the challenge of choice and accountability that Janie faces throughout the novel. Janie’s Grandma plays an important outward influenceRead More Eyes Were Watching God Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God provides an enlightening look at the journey of a quot;complete, complex, undiminished human beingquot;, Janie Crawford. Her story, based on self-exploration, self-empowerment, and self-liberation, details her loss and attainment of her innocence and freedom as she constantly learns and grows from her experiences with gender issues, racism, and life. The story centers around an important theme; that personal discoveries and life experiences help a person findRead More Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Book Report 1. Title: Their Eyes Were Watching God 2. Author/Date Written: Zora Neale Hurston/1937 3. Country of Author: 4. Characters Janie Mae Crawford- The book’s main character. She is a very strong willed, independent person. She is able to defy a low class, unhappy life because of these factors, even though the environment that she grew up and lived in was never on her side. Pheoby Watson – Janie’s best friend in Eatonville. Pheoby is the only towns person whoRead MoreEssay on Their Eyes Were Watching God921 Words   |  4 Pagesafter she starts a sentence with his new name, he cuts her off with Leave de sposin and everything else to me (50). Janie is satisfied to stop sposin for the time being. As she rides away with Joe Starks, she realizes that her old thoughts were going to come in handy now, but new words would have to be made and said to fit them (54). Because Janie associates marriage with her experience under the pear tree, she allows Nanny to arrange for her first legal name change to Mrs. Logan KillicksRead MoreEssay on Their Eyes Were Watching God921 Words   |  4 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God An Analysis So many people in modern society have lost their voices. Laryngitis is not the cause of this sad situation-- they silence themselves, and have been doing so for decades. For many, not having a voice is acceptable socially and internally, because it frees them from the responsibility of having to maintain opinions. For Janie Crawford, it was not: she finds her voice among those lost within the pages of Zora Neale Hurston’s famed novel, Their Eyes Were WatchingRead More Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay6216 Words   |  25 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Theme Many times the love that a person is looking for is the one that a person doesnt realize. Setting The author begins and ends the book on a porch where Janie is telling her story to her friend Pheobe Watson. The book begins in the morning on the porch and then ends at night, symbolic of beginning and end. In between these two times Janie is telling her story which travels through the state of Florida. Style In this book, Hurston writes in the dielectRead MoreEssay about The Growth of Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God2970 Words   |  12 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Human beings love inertia. It is human nature to fear the unknown and to desire stability in life. This need for stability leads to the concept of possessing things, because possession is a measurable and definite idea that all society has agreed upon. Of course, when people begin to rely on what they know to be true, they stop moving forward and simply stand still. Zora Neal Hurston addresses these general human problems in her novel Their Eyes Were WatchingRead More Voice and Language in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay example2794 Words   |  12 PagesVoice and Language in Their Eyes Were Watching God      Ã‚   In one way or another, every person has felt repressed at some stage during their lives. Their Eyes Were Watching God is a story about one womans quest to free herself from repression and explore her own identity; this is the story of Janie Crawford and her journey for self-knowledge and fulfillment.   Janie transforms many times as she undergoes the process of self-discovery as she changes through her experiences with three completelyRead MoreEssay on Love in Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God869 Words   |  4 PagesLove in Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God The novel Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston (1937) is a search for self-fulfillment and true love. On a porch in a small town called Eatonville a story is told about an attractive African American womens journey. Her name is Janie Crawford. Her struggle to find companionship and herself starts as a young girl who had lost both of her parents. She lives with her grandmother who is a nanny for a wealthy white family. JanieRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God: Janies Quest for Love Essay example2590 Words   |  11 PagesIn Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main character, Janie Crawford, is on a quest to find true love. Like many people, she begins her journey not knowing what love is. Janie encounters many obstacles in her quest for love. Even when she finds love with Tea Cake, more obstacles challenge their relationship. de very prong all us †¦ gits hung on. Dis love! Dats just whuts got us uh pullin and uh haulin and sweatin and do in from cant see in de mornin till cant see at night

A Report on Best Buy Culturally Sensitive Marketing & Advertising

Questions: 1. What are the advantages for Best Buy doing business in China? 2. What are the barriers for Best Buy entering Chinas CE market? Which assumptions did Best Buy revise to adapt to China market? And what do you think are the main reasons that Best Buy just opened seven stores in China? 3. Why do you think Best Buy picked Shanghai as the test market in China? If Best Buy would like to learn about Chinese consumers more accurately, would you recommend them to choose Beijing or other cities due to the culture differences in different regions in China? Answers: 1. Best Buy Company is considered to be the largest consumer electronics retailer in the world, which went bankrupt few years earlier due to various causes. However, the company has been striving hard to get back its old reputation and fame to which it became successful to a great extent. One of the reasons behind this is considered to be marketing or more specifically advertising of Best Buy. The company understands the need to create effective advertising in the present competitive market environment (Balmer Illia, 2012). No doubt a company needs to improve its product line and quality of those products to capture customers and potential market. Besides this, it is equally important for firms to focus on the advertisement strategies to highlight own potentials and effectiveness and represent theses to the world by means of improved advertisement. The Company understands the local culture of the two nations and therefore develops its advertisement strategies according to it. This g ives the company a competitive advantage of satisfying customers deeply-rooted to their culture (Balmer Mukherjee, 2006). 2. While adopting advertising strategies, the company Best Buy pays great attention to some of the key requirements like that of command for attention, showcasing the product benefits extensively, proving the benefits, persuading people to grasp the benefits, and finally call for actions (Dawkins, 2005). The advertisement strategies are such that customers pay increased attention to the ads and within them inculcates the demand for the products. It clearly represents the benefits of the products so that customers may easily relate to the requirements. The company has made good use of the mobile marketing (Gandini, 2006). It has been undertaking all it can for better connection with the target customers through the mobile channel. The company has explored the increasing use of smart-phones and 3G services; so it seeks the opportunities to connect in a better way with the customers. As per research it has been identified that the company has made several changes within its advertisemen t strategies in a way that it emphasizes more on the cultural aspects of the countries where it advertises its products. Basically in the United States, the company is well aware of the type of cultural background that is prevalent there. Apart from its origin in the US, the company Best Buy operates internationally in Australia and UK. The Company understands the local culture of the two nations and therefore develops its advertisement strategies according to it (Ingenhoff Sommer, 2011). This gives the company a competitive advantage of satisfying customers deeply-rooted to their culture. 3. As a part of the human resource department, I need to send out a communication to the employees both in the United States and that of Australia. The communication comprises of some important information regarding some desirable changes in the corporate strategies to attract and retain global customers. The communication is a sort of message and relevant corporate strategy to be communicated to the organizational employees in US and that of Australia (Janssen, 2012). However, the communicative information may be same but the versions are needed to be adopted differently for US and Australia. This is on account of the differences in the cultural and social aspects of both the countries. The language of communication would be similar that is English. However, the employee motives, interests, and organizational environment and processes may vary in both the locations (Muir, 2007). Thus, being an integral part if the human resource department of Best Buy, it is important to realize the different employee interests at both the locations. For instance, the Australians are quite punctual in their deliverances, and so corporate strategies are such that saves their time and opt for the maximum outcome within the specified time. The people of the United States are object-oriented, and so the corporate strategies for them must be direct and related to the core essentials of the company. It is better to predict the market of both the locations before setting the sales and marketing targets (Simonsen, 2009). Research shows that the sales of the company products are better in the US than in Australia. So, the sales target must be more in US as compared to that of Australia. Finally, though information are similar, the company needs to pay great attention to the manner the information are communicated to the employees at both the locations (Yamauchi, 2001). The advertisement strategies are such that customers pay increased attention to the ads and within them inculcates the demand for the products. It clearly represents the benefits of the products so that customers may easily relate to the requirements. References Balmer, J., Illia, L. (2012). Corporate communication and corporate marketing.Corp Comm: An Int Jnl,17(4). doi:10.1108/ccij.2012.16817daa.001 Balmer, J., Mukherjee, A. (2006). Corporate marketing: insights and integration drawn from corporate branding, corporate identity, corporate communication, corporate reputation and visual identification.European Journal Of Marketing,40(7/8). doi:10.1108/ejm.2006.00740gaa.001 Dawkins, J. (2005). Corporate responsibility: The communication challenge.Journal Of Communication Management,9(2), 108-119. doi:10.1108/13632540510621362 Gandini, G. (2006). Corporate Governance and Global Communication.Symphonya. Emerging Issues In Management, (1). doi:10.4468/2006.1.05gandini Ingenhoff, D., Sommer, K. (2011). Corporate Social Responsibility Communication.Journal Of Corporate Citizenship,2011(42), 73-91. doi:10.9774/gleaf.4700.2011.su.00007 Janssen, C. (2012). Addressing Corporate Ties to Slavery: Corporate Apologia in a Discourse of Reconciliation.Communication Studies,63(1), 18-35. doi:10.1080/10510974.2011.627974 Muir, C. (2007). Focus on Business Practices: Corporate Financial Reporting.Business Communication Quarterly,70(2), 221-222. doi:10.1177/1080569907301741 Simonsen, H. (2009). Communication policy, corporate language policy and corporate information portal.Journal Of Communication Management,13(3), 200-217. doi:10.1108/13632540910976662 Yamauchi, K. (2001). Corporate communication: a powerful tool for stating corporate missions.Corp Comm: An Int Jnl,6(3), 131-137. doi:10.1108/eum0000000005736

Love And Hate Essays (1248 words) - That Was Then, This Is Now

Love And Hate Sarah Leslie 11-2-99 English I. Bibliographical information Hinton, S.E. That was Then, This is Now. New York, N.Y.: Dell Publishing Company, 1971 II. Setting This story was about 2 boys (Bryon and Mark). Bryon was the oldest. He was sixteen and Mark was 15. They both got into alot of trouble. They enjoyed fighting, and they were pool hustlers. Mark had moved in with Bryon and his mother when he was little. His parents had gotten into a fight and shot each other. III. Plot Structure I believe this story was a man versus himself, because all through the book Bryon was constantly changing. He and Mark started to grow apart. He started to fall in love with a girl. He also had to deal with turning his best friend/brother into the police. He had to learn to forgive himself. Towards the end Bryon turned Mark into the police. He had found drugs under Mark's mattress. Mark had been bringing home money and Bryon finally found out where it was coming from. Mark had been selling drugs. Bryon did not know what to do thus, he called the police. When Mark came home and Bryon told him, Mark was shocked. In court Mark would not even look at Bryon and when Bryon went to see him Mark said that he hated him. IV. Plot Summary Bryon and Mark were friends/brothers. Mark moved in with them when he was 9. His parents had gotten into a fight and ended up shooting each other. Mark and Bryon did everything together. They were big pool hustlers. They would go into Charlie's bar and find someone to play pool with. Then they would end up with all his money. Bryon was friends with Charlie. That's how they were able to go into the bar. Bryon was 16 and Mark was 15. They both loved getting into fights. One day they were walking with M&M,a thirteen year old who loved M&M's. When three guys tried to jump M&M. M&M did not like to fight thus, Mark and Bryon stopped it. Bryon and Mark went to visit Bryon's mother in the hospital. She told them about a boy, Mike, across the hall who never had any visitors. Thus she asked them to go see him. bryon did not want to thus, he went to the snack bar and he saw a girl he knew. Her name was Cathy and he had not seen her for a few years. He ended up asking her to go to a dance and she said yes. Bryon went back upstairs to where Mark was and he met the boy who his mother told them about. He looked pretty bad. He had been beaten up by a colored man. Mike had brought a colored girl home because she had missed her bus and because his friends had been harassing her. When they got to her house she told one of the guys to beat him up. Mike told Bryon that he did not hate them for doing that and Bryon thought about it. At the dance that Saturday Mark ended up getting into a fight. Some guy tried to pick a fight with one of his friends and he tried to stop it. The guy smashed a bottle over Mark's head. Mark became unconscience and the police arrested the guy. Bryon rode with him to the hospital. He was fine and only had to get stiches. One day Mark and Bryon went into Charlies bar to play some pool. They ended up hustling some guys. When they left the guys pulled them into an alley and held a gun to their head. Bryon was scared. Charlie came out with a gun and told them to drop it. Then Bryon and Mark walked over to Charlie. As they did that the guys fired and Charlie pushed Bryon out of the way. Mark picked up Charlies gun and started shooting back. When they had finally left Bryon tried to get up but Charlie was on top of him. Then they noticed that Charlie was dead. Bryon had a hard time dealing with Charlie's death and he started to see more and more of Cathy. While he and Mark started to drift apart. Bryon

ETHNIC STUDIES WORD DOC Essay

ETHNIC STUDIES WORD DOC Essay ETHNIC STUDIES WORD DOC Essay Ethnic Studies: An inclusive system of education for all students By: Cecilia Rasgado The United States is a nation of immigrants, with a population composed of people with various ethnicities and cultures. As the demographic face of our nation continues to change and rapidly grow in numbers, it’s evident that our education system needs to adjust to these transformations by providing a higher quality education for all students. Ethnic studies, the study race and ethnicity, is very uncommon in schools across the country and usually not available till high school as an elective but not required. Requiring ethnic studies in schools at any grade level can benefit students of all races and ethnic backgrounds academically as well as socially. Educational institutions across the country continue to highlight the contributions of the dominant group, higher income people who tend to be white, and has yet to reconstruct its system to include all marginalized people. Students of color often disengage from academic learning because they find the curriculum in school to be unrelatable to their lives and not pertain to their cultural background. Therefore, they â€Å"do not know how to take the initiative to become responsible for their own education, have input on what they learn, or participate in the construction of their own knowledge† (Cammarota and Romero 19). This does more than silencing their knowledge and intellectual capacities, it erases their potential as human beings. Ethnic studies should â€Å"exist in part because students of color have demanded an education that is relevant, meaningful, and affirming of their identities† (Sleeter 7). Ethnic studies can socially benefit our society as a whole by creating a better understanding of one another and greater awareness of the injustices that continue to exist in our country. â€Å"There is considerable research evidence that†¦ ethnic studies curricula have positive academic and social outcomes for students†¦both students of color and white students have been found t o benefit from ethnic studies† (Sleeter 8). By challenging students to reconsider how American society treats subordinates groups of people, it causes positive action for change and more inclusion in the community. These â€Å"lessons teaching about racism†¦improve racial attitudes among white children, allowing them to see how racism affects everybody and offering them a vision for addressing it† (Sleeter). A harmonious America can move forward and advance more than social structures with other issues if we accept our differences. In Arizona, the drop out rate has been disproportionately high for minority and poor students prior to ethnic studies. Students who were on the verge of dropping out began participating in schools and the disturbing trends decreased with record high college attendance. Clearly, â€Å"by reflecting the realities of students’ lives, including

A Controversial Issue The Death with Dignity Act Essay

A Controversial Issue The Death with Dignity Act - Essay Example In any case, it requires very critical analysis before any substantive stance can be adopted. One of the fundamental issues in the Act arises out of the very fact that it concerns human life which is deemed by many to be a sacred affair. In any case, the issues emerging out of this controversy are mostly in support or in antipathy on the application of the whole Act. Controversy It has to be realized that even in areas where The Death with Dignity Act is sanctioned, its application still faces myriad challenges arising from the opponents of the whole agenda. The Act proposes that people who are mentally fit but terminally ill should be given the option of using drugs that can hasten their deaths. This should happen in cases where death appears imminent or when the patient experiences a lot of suffering courtesy of the illness. Doctors and activists are on either side of the debate on whether the Act should be applied. Religious organizations are forging their stance on this topical i ssue on the strong premise that life is sacred and should never be taken for granted to the extent of hastening one’s death (Or: Public Health Division, 55). While the Act grants the patients the right to be given the drugs to quicken their deaths, its enforcement still faces challenges as most doctors are not very comfortable with prescribing such drugs to the patients who need them. In this regard, it becomes very difficult for the patients to get such services. In the same way, most doctors are prohibited by their employers to prescribe such drugs and will therefore never offer services in this respect. While the law was successfully passed in Oregon in 1994, its application still lingers given the many challenges and controversy surrounding the whole issue. In the State of Washington, the law went into effect successfully in 2009 after it was passed in 2008 without any legal challenges being raised (Hillyard, 28). The major issue presently is however the need to provide e ducation to the masses on the whole subject of the Act in order to limit much of the ongoing debate and to enable the people to fully understand how the Act operates. In this respect it would become possible to reject the law or to adopt it without much of the present controversy. As a major argument in support of this Act, it is realized that several patients normally undergo a lot of both physical and mental pain and suffering when diagnosed with terminal illnesses. In order to remedy and mitigate some of these cases, it was therefore deemed appropriate in some states that the Death with Dignity Act would thereby provide the best alternative. Basically, it is a matter of individual choice and its application is based upon the fact that the patient has to be 18 years and older and be mentally sound in the process (Public Health Division, 56). Without doubt, it seems that the Act offers patients the option of ending their lives with some level of dignity since they can actually deci de when and where to actually die. Most opponents of this law have simply regarded it as a form of â€Å"assisted suicide† where a patient is lawfully given the option of taking away their life. Religious organizations especially Catholics have been very loud in opposing the law on the belief that life is very sacred and should only be taken away by God. They vehemently oppose any form of the law that might give a patient the option of deciding when to die. As such, doctors operating under such organizations are prohibited from practicing the law or referring patients to other doctors who might assist them. Most of these organizations also claim that the law might be severely abused as most people would be pressured to simply end their lives pt such a without the

W 10 Employment Impact-Discussion- environmental Essay

W 10 Employment Impact-Discussion- environmental - Essay Example n that arises is whether environmental conservation will result in net loss or gain or no change in the total number of jobs creation in a given country, Environmental improvement deals with both technological as well as green environment. Therefore, when technological environment improvement, it proportionally lowers the chances of job creation as in; it does replace human manual work to machine era. As a result, this eliminates the possibility of providing a wide spectrum for human job environment. On the contrary, when green environment is improved, it in returns gives rise to jobs in any country. For instance, if high carbon economy is lowered to the low-carbon economy, this will alternatively increase the chances of having more jobs. Evidently, the research done by â€Å"national environmental program† has it that, if green environment is improved it will rise the number of jobs. Statistically,15 to 60n million of jobs will be created if green environment is emphasized, in the near future as says Juan Somavia. In conclusion, basing to the environment improvement (whether technological or green environment) leads to either net gain in a job or net loss. Technological improvement does replace human manual work to machine work hence discouraging net total job gain. On the other hand, green environment improvement encourages net total gain in job creation in any country. To curb it all, I do concur that gain, loss or stagnation of total jobs in a country and the job, is based on the specific environmental

Factors That Affect Streptomyces Growth Biology Essay

Factors That Affect Streptomyces Growth Biology Essay The growth of a microorganism is extremely dependent upon the surrounding environmental conditions. Every organism has a range of optimum conditions at which members of its species will grow ideally. Inoculum, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen concentration (among other factors) within the media is often carefully controlled in industrial applications as deviations from the optimal conditions often have profound effects on the growth rate and activity of the organism (Shuler and Kargi, 1992). When directing experiments involving microbial growth, the preparation and quality of the inocula are as important as any other parameter control. In Streptomyces if mycelia are used in the inoculum, many uncontrolled variables will emerge. These variables include age, stress level and growth stage of the cells, all of which obligatory should be controlled (Kieser et al., 2000). This problem gets even worse when attempting to initiate trials over a period of several months as even small variations in the population size of the inoculum can result in large changes in the level and rate of growth. Streptomyces vegetative inocula are often prepared through the addition of several colonies sometimes from many starter plates to small amounts of media. This is afterward incubated until sufficient biomass is produced, as determined through optical density measurements of the media. This method of vegetative inoculum used by Jakeman et al. (2004) is effective in obtaining biomass; neverthele ss it does not provide the consistent inoculum required for comparative trials. The number of cells within the inoculum is hard to directly measure and the inconsistent manner of initially adding cells can result in cells at different stages of growth or stress level. Another method of preparing an inoculum is to harvest spores from the selected culture and store under conditions not satisfactory for germination. The cells within a spore suspension remain in a consistent state while still providing an instant inoculum (Kutzner and Nitsch, 1970). This technique also allows long term storage of a viable inoculum that should produce reliable results. By suspending the spores in a soft agar spore suspension, Kutzner and Nitsch (1970) have proven that a suspension of Streptomyces spores will remain viable as an inoculum over a year. Temperature The bacterial growth behavior is greatly influenced by many factors such as environmental conditions and the physiological state of the bacteria. The temperature of the environment directly affects the activity and growth of cells; every species has an ideal temperature for growth that is influenced by its physiology (Shuler and Kargi, 1992). This optimum temperature for growth may not be the same as the temperature at which metabolites are produced most efficiently. Streptomyces venezuelae ISP 5230 are mesophilic bacteria, which means that their optimal growth temperature is between 15 and 40 Â °C. For every increase of 10 Â °C closer to the optimum growth temperature, the growth rate of bacteria approximately doubles (Truelstrup-Hansen et al, 2002). If the media temperature is above optimal, the rate of growth is reduced. The temperatures used for Streptomyces venezuelae growth have been cited as 30 Â °C Â ± 2 Â °C (Wang and Vining, 2003; Jakeman et al., 2006). At 42 Â °C Str eptomyces venezuelae express heat shock genes that motivate sporulation and antibiotic production (Yang et al., 2008). pH Similarly to temperature, the pH (hydronium ion concentration) of the media affects the growth rate of bacteria by influencing the activity of cellular enzymes (Shuler and Kargi, 1992). To achieve the maximum growth rate level, current literature recommends growing Streptomyces venezuelae in a media with the maintenance of pH between 6.0 7.8 (Jakeman et al., 2006). The optimal pH levels are often different when maximizing growth rate and highest product yield (Shuler and Kargi, 1992). However, bacteria are often able to grow within a huge range of pH. Studies on the Streptomyces species by Kontro et al. (2005) have found the optimal pH ranges of growth and sporulation for this species to be between 5.5 and 11.5. The study executed by Kontro et al. (2005) has also found that the media strongly affects the acid tolerance of Streptomyces species. When grown at pH 4 in a media that contains yeast extract most species included in the studies were unable to grow, while at the pH of 7 the majority of species displayed maximum growth rate on most types of media. In order to buffer the pH of the growth medium to near neutral values, a buffer called MOPS (3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid) is normally used for this species of Streptomyces. While studying the effects of carbon sources on antibiotic production by Streptomyces venezuelae, MOPS was added to jadomycin B production media by Jakeman et al. (2006) however, no buffer was added to the Maltose yeast extract malt extract (MYM) agar that was used for the growth during the study. Glazebrook et al. (1990) studied the effect of different carbon sources on Streptomyces venezuelae sporulation in minimal LS media. In this media, enough amounts of MOPS were added to maintain the pH of the media at near neutral values for every carbon source except glucose. During growth in glucose-based LS media, a high production of oxo-acids was observed resulting in growth inhibition. Dissolved Oxygen The dissolved oxygen available to bacterial cells within the media can be a limiting factor if the rate of consumption exceeds the rate of supply (Schuler, 2000). There is a critical oxygen concentration exclusive to each bacteria species, above which the growth rate is independent of the media dissolved oxygen concentration. This value is usually 5 10 % of the maximum saturation level; however the maximum saturation is influenced through the existence of dissolved salts, organics, and the medias temperature (Shuler and Kargi, 1992). The production of secondary metabolites can also be influenced through dissolved oxygen concentration. During antibiotic production Streptomyces clavuligerus, increased oxygen saturation above the critical dissolved oxygen concentration which resulted in additional product and biomass yield (Yegneswaran et al., 1991) up to the maximum saturation limit of oxygen in the media. Substrate The substrate used in the media is an important factor that can affect growth rate of the bacteria as well as its characteristics. For instance, Kontro et al. (2005) found that Streptomyces species changed its behavior as acidophiles, neutrophiles or alkalophiles, depending on the growth media. Most species would grow optimally at pH that is near to neutral or slightly alkaline conditions on a media that included yeast extract (Kontro et al., 2005). Streptomyces venezuelae is grown using many carbon sources including glycerol, glucose, lactose, mannose, maltotriose, maltose starch and more. The effect of these carbon sources on growth and secondary metabolite production is dependent upon many factors such as pH (Kontro et al., 2005). For example, studies on the sporulation of Streptomyces venezuelae in liquid media by Glazebrook et al., (1990) found that while maltose supported the growth and sporulation of Streptomyces venezuelae, glucose significantly inhibited sporulation. Specifi cally, when grown in minimal LS media using glucose as the main carbon source, the pH of the media dropped rapidly with the production of oxo-acids by the bacteria. The increased acidity likely contributed to growth inhibition; however the glucose was reported to also have an inhibitory effect on sporulation that was un-related to the increased acidity of the media. As the jadomycin family of antibiotics is linked to the sporulation pathway (Wang and Vining, 2003), it is visible that the media has a huge effect on the growth and antibiotic production by Streptomyces venezuelae. Work by Jakeman et al. (2006) found that the carbon source supplied in to the media also has an influence on the antibiotic production by Streptomyces venezuelae. The effect of several sugars on jadomycin B production was studied and important differences in antibiotic production between sugars were found, where glucose was found to be optimal. Heat Balance The bacterial behavior is greatly influenced by the environmental temperature; however the metabolism and activity of bacteria also affects media temperature. Naturally about 50 60 % of energy produced during the metabolism of nutrients within a system is transformed into heat energy (Shuler and Kargi, 1992). The metabolism of sugar is a great source of thermal energy that must be taken into consideration in bioreactor design (Ben-Hassan et al., 1992). Streptomyces venezuelae aerobically metabolize sugars for energy and the production of metabolites. In industry, the amount of substrate used by the microorganism for growth and product synthesis determines the economic viability of the process. The heat energy produced can be determined through the utilization of a heat balance model (Ghaly et al., 1992). Once the heat of mixing is determined, the energy generated by Streptomyces venezuelae can be determined. The work by Ghaly et al. (1992) on the heat generated through mixing and me tabolism during lactose fermentation showed that the temperature of media increased from 22 to 32 Â °C with bacterial growth (Figure 3.9). This increase in temperature was due to the heat generated by the yeast (7.4 JÂ ·s-1) as well as the heat of mixing (1.01 JÂ ·s-1). The amount of heat generated by the organisms in a bioreactor can be estimated by modeling the heat flux over the boundary of the enclosed system. This mathematical model or heat balance balances the thermal energy generated within a system with the energy stored and lost from the system (Ben-Hassan et al., 1992). To develop a heat balance using this method, a trial must first be executed on the system through normal stable state operation to evaluate the heat generation during operation of the bioreactor. A heat balance can be performed on a bioreactor to determine the amount of thermal energy generated within the system during normal operation due to mixing. To model the system under different operating circumst ances the reactor can be run at several agitation speeds (e.g. 200, 400 and 600 rpm) until a state of thermal balance is reached. At thermal balance the amount of energy generated within the bioreactor is equal to the amount of energy lost; this state of stability can be used to eliminate unknown parameters within the heat balance model.

American Imperialism :: United States America Imperialist essays papers

America had definitely played its role in its imperialism. First of all imperialism is the control from one country doing to another. America has controlled a lot of countries in its time. In this essay I will talk about the causes and effects that America’s imperialism played a role in. We have really controlled a lot of countries in our time but this essay will focus more on the 19th and 20th century. We play a pretty big influence in the world today as in status wise. A lot of countries respect us because of our integrity and greatness that we have achieved. Overall I will talk about how imperialism existed in the time of American in 19th and 20th century as well as explain the causes by this time and effects that resulted on our lives today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imperialism is the policy or action by which one country controls another country or territory. Most such control is achieved by military means to gain economic and political advantages. Such a policy is also called expansionism. An expansionist state that obtains overseas territories follows a policy usually called colonialism. An imperialist government may wish to gain new markets for its exports, plus sources of inexpensive labor and raw materials. A far-flung empire may satisfy a nation's desire for military advantage or recognition as a world power. Imperialism has definitely played its role in our lifetime as well as in the 19th century. First of all we attacked Iraq regarding a power issue. We believed they had some powerful items in which could be harmful to our nation so we decided to attack them to ensure our security. Another one is how we attacked Japan because they were becoming to powerful. We have done a lot to these countries just so we could have the security of keeping our power. Military reasons are also another reason for Imperialism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since ancient times, nations have absorbed territory near their borders to protect themselves from foreign attack. This kind of territory could be used as kind of a cushion support. This way they have land around them to help them stay secure. In the late 1800's, many European powers had colonies throughout the world where their ships, both naval and merchant, could take on supplies. Imperialism can also be encouraged by patriotism, religion, and a sense of cultural and racial superiority. During the late 1800’s, a strong feeling of nationalism swept most European countries.

Business and Administration Hint and Tips Essay

Plagiarism – learners are reminded that plagiarism is not acceptable under any circumstances and that learners who persist on plagiarising work could be removed from the course. If you wish to use other information you have researched beyond the course materials: 1. Make sure it is additional to the Business Administration course material. 2. Make sure it supports/is relevant to your answer. 3. Quote the source. The main thing to remember when constructing each answer is to be as robust as you can. Try to include as much relevant detail from the learning materials as you can. It is very important to use your own words. The following information should be helpful to you. If you have any queries get in touch with your tutor using v-mail. Section 1 Q2. As well as the learning materials the website http://smallbusiness.chron.com/information-technology-business-success-4019.html gives some good information regarding the benefits IT can bring to a business. Section 2 Q1. Why is it important that you know what you are required to research and having a date to have the research completed by? If you didn’t have either of the above what could be the possible outcome? Q2. This question is in three parts which all need to be answered fully. Break your answer down into the areas of research, organising & reporting information. How would you conduct your research? The information you collected how would you organise it? How would you present your findings? Q3a. This question also needs to be answered in three parts. How is information archived? How would you retrieve the information you have archived? If the information is no longer required how is it disposed of? Q3b. Are there any legal requirements that relate to the storing of information? Is there any specific legislation relating to the industry you currently/have worked in? Section 3 Q1. Why is it important that documents are fit for purpose? Think about the structure, the content of the document & what impression will it have or the person reading the document. Q2. Complete all sections of the table. Consider would a business letter be used? When are formal reports used? When would sending an email be appropriate? Section 4 Q1. It is worth considering the 5 P’s for this question proper planning prevents poor performance. Without proper planning how would the document appear? Q2a. Would you be the only person to check a document is correct? Are there tools you can use on a computer to check the spelling & grammar of documents? Q3. Why is it important that personal information does not fall into the wrong people? What could happen to the company if this happens? Q4a: You need to give the different types of documents that can be produced from notes and describe how these documents would look. What information would you expect to find on a letter for example? Q4b: When taking notes to produce a document what things need to be considered? Why are you taking notes? What type of document is to be produced from the notes e.g. business letter, formal report. Is it important that the notes are clear & there is sufficient detail in the notes?

History and analysis of primark stores - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2532 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Fashion Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Primark stores ltd is famous for the trading of high street quality clothes with simple designs and fabrics for all genders, ages and in various sizes to fashion conscious individuals for cheap prices. It was incorporated on 30 April 1948 and has its head quarters in Dublin, Ireland. The first store was opened in June 1969 and within a year 4 more stores were opened. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History and analysis of primark stores" essay for you Create order Primarks story has been one of continuous success as they now have 215 stores across United Kingdom and six other countries. Primark has about 21,827 employees, and operate from over 6.0 million square feet of selling. It is also a subsidiary of Associated British Foods Plc (ABF). As retailers they have various competitors such as Next Plc, Newlook, TK maxx and many others. In assessing the financial situation of Primark it is required to look at its balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement. Ratio analysis was carried out for Primark over a five year period in order to identify the trend and also two of its competitors (Next Plc and Newlook) to be able to know how primark is doing in the industry. Revenue and Profitability Primarks revenue has been increasing considerably over the five years period. There was an increase in sales by 13.64% to pound;1743.01million in 2009, 18.13% to pound;1533.79million in 2008, 41.86% to pound;1298.4million in 2007 and 21.29% to pound;915.3million in 2006. Profit however increased by 78.77% in 2009 and 7.54% in 2006 and declined significantly in 2007 by 33.99 and 2008 by 55.07%. In 2009, Primark opened 5 new stores in different countries and thereby increasing profit and sales. The growth in Cost of sales and expenses exceeded that of sales hence a decline in profit. Interpretation of financial statements Ratios are essential in ascertaining the worth of a company. Ratios help in checking the performance of a company. This performance could be against past periods (Trend analysis), similar businesses and planned performance. Profitability and return ratios Gross Profit Margin Primarks gross profit margin in decreased in 2009 by 0.20%, increased by 0.4% in 2008, decreased by 3.2% in 2007 and increased by 0.3% in 2006. It is a measure of profitability in buying (or producing) and selling goods before any other expenses are taken into account (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005, pp215). A decline in these ratio shows that gross profit was lower when compared to the sales revenue. This also shows that the cost of sales was higher relative to the sales revenue in 2009 and 2007, than in 2008 and 2006. Next and Newlook had higher margins when compared to primark and continuous growth from 2005 to 2009 except the slight decline in 2008 for next and 2007 for newlook. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 20.5% 20.80% 17.60% 18% 17.80% Next Plc 26.10% 26% 26.50% 26% 27.40% New look 53.30% 56% 55.10% 58% 59% Net Profit Margin Net profit margin increased by 1.07% in 2009 but decreased by 3.05% in 2008, 5.68% in 2007 and 1.30% in 2006. In 2005 for every pound;1 of sales revenue an average of 11.90p was left as profit, after paying for other expenses of operating the business. This dropped significantly as the years progressed. In 2008 it became 1.87p, but and increase to 2.94p occurred in 2009. Newlook and Next did better than Primark. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 11.90% 10.60% 4.92% 1.87% 2.94% Next Plc 6.38% 6.90% 8.47% 8.06% 13.60% New look 13.60 % 13.3% 11.60% 14.40% 10.70% Return on capital employed (ROCE) ROCE is essential in analyzing the performance of a business. It compares the inputs (capital invested) with outputs (Profit) (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005 pp214). Primarks ratio declined continuously from 2005 to 2009. Next had the best ROCE but primarks did better than newlook and also had a high ratio which indicates that the profit generated in the utilization of the companys resources. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 0.62 0.61 0.60 0.58 0.55 Next Plc 1.70 7.20 1.73 0.81 0.64 New look 0.36 0.25 0.18 0.16 0.15 Return on asset (ROA) It measures productivity of the assets by indicating how effective the management of the company utilizes the earnings generated from the assets. Primarks ROA increased in 2009 by 1.54% but subsequently declined in the remaining years, in 2008 by 2.98%, in 2007 by 3.35% and 8.44% in 2006. For each pound invested in the asset Primark made 3.77p in 2009, 2.23p in 2008, 5.21p in 2007 and 8.56p in 2006. Next and Newlook utilizes the earnings generated from their assets when compared to primark. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 17% 8.56% 5.21% 2.23% 3.77% Next Plc 5.09% 5.88% 7.02% 6.56% 10% New look 18.2% 14% 10.90% 12.80% 10% Return on Equity (ROE) ROE measures the profitability of the returns of shareholders funds invested. †¦If an investment in a particular company presents a greater risk, the higher degree of uncertainty should be rewarded with a greater potential return (Kramer, Johnson, 2009). The ROE increased in 2009 by 9% but declined in 2008 by 17%, in 2007 by 11% and in 2006 by 1%. Next and Newlook generated returns fairly better than Primark. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 40% 39% 28% 11% 20% Next Plc 55.3% 26.19% 67.9% 35.6% 37.8% New look 37.7% 25.7% 21.2% 22.6% 21.4% Gross profit margin on inventory investment The GPMOI declined all through except in 2008 where it remained stagnant. This figures show that Newlook and Next are more productive than primark as they generate more returns on gross profit from the inventory invested when compared to primark. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 1.63 1.62 1.47 1.47 1.30 Next Plc 2.40 2.70 2.91 2.69 2.87 New look 8.43 7.02 6.49 7.33 6.21 Graph showing the profitability and return ratios Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio The current ratio indicates how well a company would be able to pay its short term obligations as they fall due. This relationship of current assets to current liabilities is an attempt to show the safety of current debt holders claims in case of default (Helfert,2001). The higher the ratio the more liquid the company is considered to be (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005, pp225). After the decline in current ratio to 0.2 in 2006 from 0.30 in 2005, there has been a continuous increase from then till 2009. Usually the accepted ratio is usually between 1 and 1.5. Primark and Next have low current ratios and this could be seen as an issue because it means they would not be able to easily pay their short term obligation. On the other hand, Newlook has sufficient funds to pay their debt as they fall due. If the ratio is high it could also mean that the company is tying most of its funds in cash and other liquid assets. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 0.3 times 0.2 times 0.21 times 0.26 times 0.27 times Next Plc 0.24 times 0.23 times 0.26 times 0.28 times 0.28 times New look 1.61 times 1.15 times 1.3 times 1.6 times 2 times Cash generated from operations to maturing obligations Primarks ratios increased in 2009 to 0.019 times from 0.017 in 2008. A major decline occurred in 2006 by 66.92% and then it improved from then on. Primark and Newlook have poor ratios. This means that it would be hard for them to meet their maturing obligations as they fall due. Higher ratios signify better liquidity. Next has a better chance of meeting their obligations. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 0.013 times 0.0043 times 0.0026 times 0.017 times 0.019 times Next Plc 0.036 times 0.074 times 0.14 times 0.25 times 0.31 times New look 0.015 times 0.018 times 0.036 times 0.006 times 0.008 times Efficiency ratios Average inventory turnover period It measures the number of day in a year that it takes a company to sell its inventories. It took primark 61 days in 2009 to sell or turn over the inventories held and when compared to prior years the difference is not much although there was an increase in 2009. Next has a better turnover period but Primark s turnover is better than that of newlook. A business will normally prefer a short stock turnover period to a long one, as funds tied up in stocks cannot be used for other purposes (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005, pp218). 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 58 days 59 days 53 days 56 days 61 days Next Plc 54 days 47 days 45 days 47 days 48 days New look 49 days 66 days 69 days 70 days 85 days Average settlement period for creditors This ratio measures the number of days on average it takes the company to pay its creditors. Most companies try to increase their trade payable periods because it could be regarded as a short term free finance. It takes Primark and Next 24 days to pay their creditors in 2009 and there was not much difference in prior years. However, it took newlook 90days to pay its creditors. The reputation of the company is at stake when the number of days is high. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 27 days 27 days 20 days 25 days 24 days Next Plc 24 days 22 days 23 days 27.4 days 24 days New look 49 days 80 days 64 days 68 days 90 days Sales revenue to capital employed The sales revenue to capital employed ratio (or asset turnover ratio) examines how effectively the assets of the business are being used to generate sales revenue (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005, pp220). The higher the ratio the better. There was an increase in 2009 by 1.90%, in 2008 by 37.98%, in 2007 by 51.29% and 2006 by 2.86%. This signifies that there has been an improvement, since revenue increased in 2009 for each pound;1 of capital employed (pound;10.7) when compared to that of 2008 (pound;10.5) and that of the Next (pound;4.71) and Newlook (pound;1.43). 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 4.89 times 5.03 times 7.61 times 10.5 times 10.7 times Next Plc 12.9 times 58 times 12.02 times 6.31 times 4.71 times New look 2.67 times 2.05 times 1.86 times 1.58 times 1.43 times Gearing ratios Capital gearing The gearing ratio measures the contribution of long-term lenders to the long-term capital structure of a business (Mclaney, Atrill, 2005, pp230). The capital gearing in primark, Newlook and Next are relatively low and this means that most of funds used in acquiring assets and ongoing operations are the funds invested by shareholders. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 1.10% 7.70% 8% 10% 9% Next Plc 0% 0% 0% 0% 1.5% New look 1.9% 4.4% 5.6% 6.1% 0% Debt to worth ratio This ratio measures the financial strength of a company by comparing the amount owed to creditors to the funds invested by the shareholders. It is exposes the debt of a company. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 2.42 5.58 6.59 8.58 7.98 Next Plc 15.2 67.2 13.5 6.69 4.51 New look 1.02 1.01 1.07 0.85 0.61 Interest cover This is signifies the number of times the profits of the company covers the interest owed to creditors. The ratio declined dramatically from a position where profit could cover interest 6.4 times in 2006 to 1.39 times in 2007, 0.52 times in 2008 and 1.36 times in 2009. Newlook has the highest ratio and this indicates the availability of funds to cover interest payable and this reduces the risk for lenders. A small decline in the profit of primark in 2009 would have left the business with insufficient funds to cover the interest payment. Next profits cover its interest by 5.67 times. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark 0 times 6.4 times 1.39 times 0.52 times 1.36 times Next Plc 1.94 times 2.24 times 2.43 times 2.68 times 5.67 times New look 96.4 times 24.6 times 7.47 times 13.4 times 106 times Productivity ratio Sale/employee Every company would like to have a high ratio because it shows the effectiveness of the employees in that company. Primarks ratio increased in 2009 by 8.55%, in 2008 by 7.52% and declined in 2007 by 1.75% and 2006 by 8.26%. New branches where opened in 2009 and 2008 hence increasing the number of employees. This ratio indicates that the employees have been working effectively. Next is fairly better than primark in terms of productivity of the employees in relation to sales revenue but primark did better than newlook. 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Primark pound;75,906 pound;69,636 pound;68,420 pound;73,567 pound;79,856 Next Plc pound;73,189 pound;70,375 pound;72,348 pound;73,698 pound;81,564 New look pound;63,175 pound;62,269 pound;63,200 pound;120,732 pound;63,617 SWOT ANALYSIS This is an effective business analysis model used in executing any companys internal and external analysis. Internal analysis considers the strengths and weaknesses of the company while external analysis considers the opportunities and threats faced by an organization. STRENGTH The organization structure of primark is simple and orderly. Primark provides high street quality clothes for all ages, gender and sizes for cheap prices and this is beneficial because their competitors (Next and Newlook) prices are not as cheap therefore greater number of customers in primark. They have been around for awhile (over 41 years) and have been a key player in the retail business and this gives the competitive advantage. They implemented the ethical trading policy which focuses on respect for workers, that is, improving the working lives of people across the globe that is within the supply chai n. Next and Newlook are also implement the ethical trade policy. Primark has won several awards. Some of which are the prestigious retail week award 2010 for outstanding contribution to retail, Multi Market Retailer of the Year Oracle World Retail Awards , Best Outfit for under pound;50 Award Fabulous High Street Awards 2010 and many others. During the recession Primark sales still increased by 41.86% while Newlook where majorly affected. Primark continued to thrive in the recession, with sales at the discount clothing chain up by 21% since last September. (Wearden, guardian). New look planned to get listed on the London stock exchange. The chain aims to expand to compete with other budget rivals such as Primark. It will also use the proceeds to pay down debt (Dailymail). Nexts turnover increased by 0.97% during the recession and this was because a major supplier was also affected by the recession. WEAKNESS Primark relies on customers to talk about their product since they h ave no form of advertisement. Competitors such as newlook and next rely on advertisement which is an advantage for them. Primark stores are usually crowded because the prices are cheap. The return process and payment for sales tend to be slow due to large number of customers. Unlike Next and newlook the customer service is faster as the queue is usually not as long as that of primarks. Primark does not fully comply with rules governing working conditions, living wages, working hours, legal requirements. Figure 1.1 shows the extent of their non-compliance. OPPORTUNITIES Opportunity to provide cheap quality clothes to fashion conscious individuals regardless of variation in age, gender and size in various countries in the world. THREATS They have big and established competitors who have also been in the retail business for awhile. Relying on people to do your advertising might not be a good idea because there is no guaranty that they are spreading good words about the comp any. PESTLE Analysis This is a model of business analysis that is used to understand the environment in which the company is operating in. It considers how various factors such as political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental affects Primark. POLITICAL Primarks operations are subject to government policies and regulations such as tax policies, employment laws, environmental regulations, trade restriction, tariffs and political stability which affect the business costs. Most businesses tend to pass this cost to final consumers but primark keeps their overhead cost very low in order for them to sell to customers at a cheap price. Primark is a member of the Ethical Trading Initiative and they are determined to succeed on their own merit and not at the expense of others. Economic factors The economic factor considers economic growth, interest rate, recession, exchange rate and inflation rate. Primark is located in different countries and has glo bal presence. If the exchange rate of a supplying country increases this could affect primarks business or the interest rate of creditors increasing. Primark has grown significantly in the past years. In 2009, Primark opened 5 stores in various countries. Social Factor Primark has a corporate social responsibility which aims at giving all employees equal opportunities, treating suppliers fairly, supporting and respecting local communities and taking environmental responsibilities seriously. Technological Factor There is rapid change in technology and every organization should try to be at par with the change. Growth and development would be impeded if an organization does not meet the trend. In 2009, Primark invested in an auditing software (Entropy Software) that is designed to help in the effective management of suppliers with compliance to ethical standards. Primark has also set some targets to achieve in the coming year such as developing buyer reporting function on Entropy database, Launch ethical trading extranet (Online information resource) for suppliers and factories. Legal Factors The government regularly change laws in line with political polices thus causing businesses to respond to changes in legal framework. Environmental analysis Asides from Primark providing jobs for people in the environment they also support many local charitable organizations, community projects and they also replaced plastic carrier bags with paper bags thus reducing their impact on the environment. Conclusion